The US defence secretary, Chuck Hagel, delivered a two-pronged warning to Asia Pacific nations on Sunday, announcing that the US would send two additional ballistic missile destroyers to Japan to counter the North Korean threat, and saying China must better respect its neighbours.
In unusually forceful remarks about China, Hagel drew a direct line between Russia's takeover of Ukraine's Crimea region and the continuing territorial disputes between China, Japan and others over remote islands in the East China Sea.
"I think we're seeing some clear evidence of a lack of respect and intimidation and coercion in Europe today with what the Russians have done with Ukraine," Hagel told reporters after a meeting with the Japanese defence minister, Itsunori Onodera.
"We must be very careful and we must be very clear, all nations of the world, that in the 21st century this will not stand, you cannot go around the world and redefine boundaries and violate territorial integrity and sovereignty of nations by force, coercion and intimidation, whether it's in small islands in the Pacific or large nations in Europe."
Hagel, who will travel to China later this week, called the Asian nation a "great power" and said: "With this power comes new and wider responsibilities as to how you use that power, how you employ that military power."
He said he would talk to the Chinese about having respect for their neighbours, and said: "Coercion, intimidation is a very deadly thing that leads only to conflict. All nations, all people deserve respect no matter how large or how small."
Still, he said he looked forward to having an honest, straightforward dialogue with the Chinese to talk about ways the two nations and their militaries could work better together.
The announcement of the deployments of additional destroyers to Japan came as tensions with North Korea spiked again, with Pyongyang continuing to threaten additional missile and nuclear tests.
In recent weeks the North has conducted a series of rocket and ballistic missile launches that are considered acts of protest against annual ongoing springtime military exercises by Seoul and Washington. North Korea says the exercises are rehearsals for invasion.
North and South Korea fired hundreds of artillery shells into each other's waters in late March in the most recent flare-up.
Standing alongside Onodera at the defence ministry, Hagel said they had discussed the threat posed by Pyongyang. He said the two ships' deployment was in response to North Korea's "pattern of provocative and destabilising actions" that he said violated UN resolutions, and would provide more protection to the US from those threats.
On Friday, North Korea accused the US of being "hell-bent on regime change" and warned that any manoeuvres with that intention would be viewed as a "red line" that would result in counter measures. Pyongyang's deputy UN ambassador, Ri Tong Il, said his government "made it very clear we will carry out a new form of nuclear test", but refused to provide details.
The two additional ships would bring the total to seven US ballistic missile defence warships in Japan, and it continues US efforts to increase its focus on the Asia Pacific.
The ships serve as both defensive and offensive weapons. They carry sophisticated systems that can track missile launches, and their SM-3 missiles can zero in on and take out short- to medium-range missiles that might be fired at US or allied nations. They can also carry Tomahawk cruise missiles, which can be launched from sea and hit high-value targets or enemy weapons systems from afar, without risking pilots or aircraft.
Hagel is on a 10-day trip across the Asia Pacific, and spent three days in Hawaii meeting south-east Asian defence ministers, talking about efforts to improve defence and humanitarian assistance co-operation. Japan is his second stop, where he said he wanted to assure Japanese leaders that the US was strongly committed to protecting their country's security.
Japan and China have been engaged in a long, bitter dispute over remote islands in the East China Sea. The US has said it takes no side on the question of the disputed islands' sovereignty, but it recognises Japan's administration of them and has responsibilities to protect Japanese territory under a mutual defence treaty.
Onodera said he and Hagel talked about the islands, known as Senkaku by Japan and Diayou by China, and the concerns about any changes to the status quo there.
Hagel said the US wanted the countries in the region to resolve the disputes peacefully. But he added that the US would honour its treaty commitments.
The ships are just the latest move in America's effort to beef up Japan's defences. Last October, the US and Japan agreed to broad plans to expand their defence alliance, including the decision to position a second early-warning radar there by the end of this year. There is one in northern Japan, and the second one would be designed to provide better missile defence coverage in the event of a North Korean attack.
The US will begin sending long-range Global Hawk surveillance drones to Japan this month for rotational deployments. They are intended to help step up surveillance around the Senkaku islands.
